Theological rants
of a liberal Christian

1 Corinthians 16:22, Anathema Maranatha — Come, Lord!

Tuesday, February 11, 2014 in Bible Commentary | 0 comments

1 Corinthians 16:22, Anathema Maranatha — Come, Lord!

If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema Maranatha.

// Unless you routinely read the King James Version, you may have never paid much attention this verse. What on earth does Anathema Maranatha mean?

It’s actually two separate statements. Anathema means cursed, while Maranatha means … well, we’re not sure. Our various Bible translations differ. Some read it as a plea: “Come, Lord!” Others as a promise or exclamation: “The Lord is coming.” Still others render it as a creedal expression, “The Lord has come.”

Since this is the only time this phrase is used in the New Testament, it’s hard to know what Paul meant. Was he saying:

“Come, Lord, and curse these people who hate you!”

“If you don’t love Jesus, you’ll get what’s coming to you soon when the Lord comes!”

“If you don’t love Jesus, you’re cursed, because Jesus came as the Messiah.”

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Matthew 27:59-60, Boy, Was Jesus Lucky!

Monday, February 10, 2014 in Bible Commentary | 2 comments

Matthew 27:59-60, Boy, Was Jesus Lucky!

And when Joseph had taken the body [of Jesus], he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed.

//In all accounts of Jesus’ burial, he is laid in a tomb, not buried in the ground. During the short period between 20 BC and 70 AD (when Jerusalem was destroyed), Judean Jews observed a strange burial practice of laying the body out on a slab in a tomb to let it decompose for one year, and then gathering the bones so that the tomb could be re-used. The bones were then placed in a box called an ossuary and properly buried.

Imagine what might have happened had Jesus chosen a different time in history to appear! He could have been trapped in the ground instead of laid restfully on a stone slab! Would he have still been able to resurrect?

So, here’s the question: Did God recognize and seize the opportunity during that short century, or did God poke around inside the heads of Jews during this time suggesting that they start leaving bodies unburied for a while? Or was Jesus just lucky?

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Book review: Thought in the Absence of Certainty

Sunday, February 9, 2014 in Book Reviews | 2 comments

Book review: Thought in the Absence of Certainty

by Gordon Dye

★★★★

Gordon Dye’s new book (which is only part 1 of a 4-part series) is meant to help us think humbly but responsibly. Some questions we have no justification to pretend certainty about. His playground for the topic is religion, which is a perfect arena, since we all think we know all about God.

Dye’s point is that we don’t. Not really. And suppositions compound, so that as we add assumptions on top of assumptions, the probability of accuracy continues to decrease. Yet religious people tend to define “certainty” in a way that questioning the possibility of error threatens their religious beliefs.

So Dye introduces what he calls a “certainty notation” early in the book, and from that point on, he labels each of his suppositions/projections/claims with his level level of certainty. These notations are (without getting into details):

C1 = possible

C2 = probable

C3 = extremely probable

C4 = certain

C5 = true by definition

Brilliant! I wish all religious writers would do the same. This methodology definitely reinforces the concept of “absence of certainty.” Of course, Dye’s level of certainty often differed from mine; what he feels certain about at the level of C3 or C4 I would measure a C1 or C2. I’m a more practiced agnostic than he, ha.

The point, however, is that C1 through C3—no matter how probable—should be categorized in our brain separately from the known facts. That way, when we build upon the foundations of our assumptions, we know which foundations are shaky. Dye uses this approach to discuss the authority of scripture, the need for an afterlife if God is fair, the appropriateness of exclusivity, and the concept of good and evil, among other things.

I admit, I kept waiting for Gordon to get to the point. Can’t we use these techniques to answer some of the big questions about God? Can we at least decide on the odds of whether there’s life after death? No, sorry, Gordon never goes there; he merely uses God as a basis for conversation, beginning with assumptions about His existence, approachability and moral fiber in order to provide practice of “thinking without certainty.” Dye’s most significant conclusion so far is that pluralism is logical. If this book sets the groundwork for more in-depth exercises in later books, then maybe we’ll attack the harder questions later.

This book (part 1) is a bit slow, spending an inordinate amount of time on definitions and ideas, so I’m hoping for more engrossing discussion from of the next three books.

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Daniel 12:2, Everlasting Contempt

Saturday, February 8, 2014 in Bible Commentary | 0 comments

Daniel 12:2, Everlasting Contempt

And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.

//This verse has the dubious distinction of being the one verse in the Old Testament that speaks of eternal punishment, or so we are often told. Actually, it depends upon the interpretation, and there are two problems:

Problem 1: Does “everlasting contempt” mean eternal conscious torment? The word “contempt” in this passage is the same Hebrew word as is translated “abhorrence” in Isaiah 66:24, which refers to corpses, not living people. You may be familiar this verse, because Jesus quoted it as well.

And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh. –Isaiah 66:24

Problem 2: Of perhaps greater concern is that word “many” in today’s verse. “Many” of them shall awake. Why not all? When the judgment comes, won’t everybody awake and arise? Note how the Gospel of John copies today’s promise from Daniel, but he conspicuously changes the word “many” to “all.”

Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation. –John 5:28-29

Did John completely misunderstand Daniel’s message, or did he merely correct it?

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Galatians 1:4, What Are We Saved From?

Friday, February 7, 2014 in Bible Commentary | 0 comments

Galatians 1:4, What Are We Saved From?

[W]ho gave Himself for our sins, that He might deliver us from this present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father

//The Bible speaks often of salvation. But what exactly is it that we are saved from? Most Christians imagine that salvation means being tucked away up in heaven, and that what they are saved from is a lost eternity. But in the Bible, almost every instance of salvation is this-worldly. In fact, some scholars insist that every instance is this-worldly. That the word does not relate to the afterlife at all. Here are a few examples of things we are saved from, all of which have nothing to do with heaven and hell.

This present evil age (Galatians 1:4)

Our present alienation from God, and need of reconciliation (2 Corinthians 5:19-20)

A pointless, hopeless life (Ephesians 2:12)

Bondage to sin (Matthew 1:21, among many)

Fear of death (Hebrews 2:15)

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Genesis 2:21-22, Adam, Eve, and Panentheism

Thursday, February 6, 2014 in Bible Commentary | 0 comments

Genesis 2:21-22, Adam, Eve, and Panentheism

And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.

//What a brilliant idea! If you want to make something like something else, make it out of that something else. If you want to make something like yourself, make it out of yourself.

God took of piece of Adam to make Eve. Adam, he formed out of the dust of the earth. But where did the dust of the earth come from?

Most believers assume creation ex nihilo, a Latin phrase meaning “from nothing.” God started with nothing and made something. The Bible never directly claims that God made everything from nothing, but many read Hebrews 11:3 to imply this: “By faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible.” We take this to mean that the universe came into existence by divine command, rather than being assembled out of preexisting matter or energy.

But is this a valid interpretation? Does the verse in Hebrews instead say that God made everything out of the Word of God? (Do not think of Word as a spoken command; Jesus, for example, is the Word of God according to John’s Gospel.) Does this explain where God’s building materials came from? Did God take a piece of himself and create the universe from it? Is that how mankind wound up in the image of God?

This wouldn’t be pantheism, per se, but rather a flavor of panentheism … the idea that God both pervades and transcends the universe.

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Book review: Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of the World’s Greatest Physicists

Wednesday, February 5, 2014 in Book Reviews | 0 comments

Book review: Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of the World’s Greatest Physicists

by Ken Wilber

★★★★

In case you misread the subtitle, that’s physicists, not psychics!

I’ve seen them myself: arguments from modern physics that prove the existence of the Spirit (or some metaphysical phenomenon that justifies our spirituality or transcendentalism). I’ve seen the opposite, too: arguments from modern physics that debunk spirituality.

So Wilber’s book should be a hit. What do our best minds—the people who actually understand the physics of Quantum Theory, Relativity, and more—have to say on the topic? You’ll recognize a lot of the names in this book: Einstein, Schroedinger, Heisenberg, Bohr, Eddington, Pauli, Plank and more. This is a collection of essays by these men, with brief editing and an introduction by Ken Wilber.

Wilber culls the writings of these great minds to uncover their opinions, and discovers that they are virtually unanimous in the opinion that modern science can offer no support for mysticism in any variety. And yet they are all mystics of one sort or another! They simply do not believe modern physics can fully describe the universe we live in. Modern physics isn’t in opposition to spirituality, it is simply indifferent to it. Eddington explains: “We have learnt that the exploration of the external world by the methods of physical science leads not to a concrete reality but to a shadow world of symbols, beneath which those methods are unadapted for penetrating.”

If I had to choose a favorite essay, it would be “In the Mind of Some Eternal Spirit” by Sir James Jeans. Science is not yet in contact with ultimate reality, Jeans insists, and this is no surprise. Any meaning that the universe as a whole may have, would entirely transcend our terrestrial experience and so be totally unintelligible to us. The universe is a mathematical construct but—and don’t eschew the profundity of this claim—“the mathematics enters the universe from above instead of from below.” Jeans pictures the universe as consisting of “pure thought.” While Jeans may be the most daring of the bunch, the dualism of mind and matter is nevertheless a common theme.

Fascinating book which starts a bit slow (after a great introduction) and builds from there.

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Matthew 1:18, More on the Perpetual Virginity of Mary

Tuesday, February 4, 2014 in Bible Commentary | 0 comments

Matthew 1:18, More on the Perpetual Virginity of Mary

This is how the birth of Jesus the Messiah came about: His mother Mary was pledged to be married to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit.

//A couple of days ago, I mentioned a verse that seemed to indicate that Mary, the mother of Jesus, felt required to go through the purification period after the birth of Jesus. This seems to imply that she did not have a miracle birth, and that the Catholic doctrine of perpetual virginity was in error. But there are many more reasons for believing Jesus had brothers and sisters, and thus Mary was not a virgin for long. Helvidius, way back in the fourth century, provided the following arguments against perpetual virginity:

1. Today’s verse seems to imply that after the birth of Jesus, Joseph and Mary did “come together” (share in sexual intercourse). This is even more clear a few verses later:

But he did not consummate their marriage until she gave birth to a son. And he gave him the name Jesus. –Matthew 1:25

2. Luke 2:7 speaks of Mary “bringing forth her firstborn son.” This implies she had further sons later.

3. Various passages mention the brothers and sisters of Jesus, giving no hint that they do not refer to biological family.

It’s a doctrine that never did make much sense to me.

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Product Review: Logos Bible Software

Monday, February 3, 2014 in Other | 0 comments

Product Review: Logos Bible Software

I promised to get the word out about Logos Bible Software, as they provided me several books for review. The books were provided in electronic form, readable on various platforms including mobile apps. Head over to www.logos.com to get started with free software downloads, multiple Bible translations, and a starting library. The software is free, but from there, you may purchase access to individual books and to entire libraries for deeper research.

I discovered I loved the software! This will not be a review of Logos per se, but merely a description of how I, as a book reviewer, use it. My use is far less demanding than that of a college student or pastor, so I haven’t delved into the complex features of the software nor its collaboration functionality. For this simple book reviewer, that all looks positively daunting.

I am running both an Android version on a tablet and the Logos 5 version on my Windows PC. There is a notable difference between the two; Logos 5 is far more powerful. Consequently, I read the books on my tablet, highlighting text and recording notes as I go, and then I turn to the Windows software when finished to prepare reviews. There, I can quickly scan highlighted text, collect my notes, and view resources side-by-side like my favorite Bible translations or the Exegetical Guide. Because all of this runs on the Logos cloud server, there is no syncing required between devices. Fantastic!

Never will I actually prefer electronic copy to paper—I guess I’m too old for that—but this is pretty impressive when you want more than just a book reader. Note that a cloud environment does have its drawbacks: The occasional slowness in loading a new page; the required tether to a hotspot; the quicker battery depletion. Nevertheless, I shan’t be dragged kicking and screaming into the future, for the cloud is here to stay and these things will improve. It is possible to download and read offline, but you miss out on quite a bit of the functionality that way.

Definitely a useful product.

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Luke 2:21-22, Was Jesus Miraculously Born?

Sunday, February 2, 2014 in Bible Commentary | 0 comments

Luke 2:21-22, Was Jesus Miraculously Born?

And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb. And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;

//The Catholic doctrine of perpetual virginity arose in the sixteenth century, and typically includes the assumption of a miraculous birth (not just a miraculous conception) so that Mary remained a physically intact virgin. It appears to be a further development of the belief in virginal conception. From that point forward, Catholics and Protestants (who recognized the “brothers of Jesus” mentioned often in the Bible to be sons of Mary) differed in doctrine.

So here’s a question: If Mary was a “perpetual virgin,” why did she need purification? Today’s verses seem to suggest that Mary and Joseph went through the usual period of purification after the birth of Jesus before they took him to the temple.

Did the Catholic Church miss this little detail?

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