Genesis 30:32, How To Breed Spotted Goats
Let me go through all your flocks today and remove from them every speckled or spotted sheep, every dark-colored lamb and every spotted or speckled goat. They will be my wages.
//Here’s the story. Jacob is discussing the proper wages for his service to Laban. He and Laban agree that Jacob will keep all the speckled animals of the flock.
But Jacob has a trick up his sleeve. He has figured out how to make speckled animals.
He cuts off the branches of trees, and peels the bark back to make white strips on the branches. When the animals are in heat, he places the sticks in the watering troughs so that when they come to drink, they will see spots of dark and white. There, with spots in their eyes, they mate and produce speckled offspring.
This works very well. In fact too well. All of the animals are getting speckled. So Jacob watches to see whether the females in heat are strong or weak. He puts spots in front of the eyes of the strong animals only, and leaves the weak ones for Laban.
Thus Jacob “grew exceedingly prosperous and came to own large flocks, and maidservants and menservants, and camels and donkeys.”
Genesis 8:5, Where is Noah’s Ark?
And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat.
//Whatever happened to Noah’s gopher-wood Ark? Expeditions to Ararat have tried to find it, but so far, nothing very convincing has been discovered.
Today’s verse tells how the ark ran aground, presumably on Mount Ararat, the tallest mountain in Turkey. It was another three months before the “tops of the mountains” were seen. This would refer to the remaining, lower-elevation mountains in the range, right? But no green vegetation could be seen yet.
Another forty days’ wait and Noah starts sending birds out to scout the land. In time, a dove returns with an olive branch in its mouth, evidence that the waters had receded down to the green stuff, so Noah knows it’s time to exit the ark. But whatever happened to the ark?
Maybe the answer is in plain sight.
And Noah builded an altar unto the LORD; and took of every clean beast, and of every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the altar. –Genesis 8:20
One estimate of the number of clean animals would be 192 species, plus about a comparable number of now-extinct species. Many of them quite bulky. Atop the glacier-capped mountain of Ararat, way above the tree line, where did Noah get the wood for all these burnt offerings? Would gopher wood work?
Psalm 83:18, How do you say Jehovah?
That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth.
//How do you pronounce the name of God? Most scholars sneer at the common pronunciation of “Jehovah” and opt instead for “Yahweh.” Why?
It’s a long story. It helps to understand that the name of God (or any god) in antiquity is sacred. It dare not be spoken aloud. It helps also to understand that ancient Hebrew did not include vowels. Thus we have only YHWH in the written record, and the tradition that it should never be spoken out loud. Readers of scripture would actually substitute the word Adonai, meaning “my Lord,” when reading. Small wonder that today we no longer know how to pronounce God’s name.
Here’s part of the problem. Maybe you’ve heard of the Masoretic Text, the authoritative Hebrew text of the Old Testament used between the 7th and 10th centuries. When the Masoretes transcribed the original Hebrew, they went back and added vowels to the consonants. However, they had a conundrum. If they put the correct vowels in place for YHWH, people would pronounce the name of God; a sin to be avoided at all costs. So, as the story goes (and it is probably true), they took the vowels from the word Adonai and inserted them into YHWH. That way, if you tried to pronounce God’s name, you would be wrong. Adding these vowels produced the English word Jehovah.
So how do you pronounce the name of God? Well, we don’t know for sure, but the one thing we do suspect is that it could be anything but Jehovah.
1 Corinthians 7:32-24, Why We Shouldn’t Marry
I would like you to be free from concern. An unmarried man is concerned about the Lord’s affairs–how he can please the Lord. But a married man is concerned about the affairs of this world—how he can please his wife—and his interests are divided. An unmarried woman or virgin is concerned about the Lord’s affairs: Her aim is to be devoted to the Lord in both body and spirit. But a married woman is concerned about the affairs of this world–how she can please her husband.
//In both of my books, Revelation and John’s Gospel, I make an off-hand mention of Paul’s suggestion that it’s better not to marry. I’ve had questions about this, so maybe I can address this issue in a Dubious Disciple post.
The reason Paul’s readers were not to marry was because, according to him, his readers were living on the cusp of a new age. As Paul explains,
But if you do marry, you have not sinned; and if a virgin marries, she has not sinned. But those who marry will face many troubles in this life, and I want to spare you this. What I mean, brothers, is that the time is short. From now on those who have wives should live as if they had none; –1 Corinthians 7:28-29
Paul was absolutely convinced of the immediate return of Christ! He was apparently wrong, but his conviction on this matter is very clear. Paul, in a vision, had seen the risen Christ, which to him was irreproachable proof that the general resurrection had begun … with Christ as the first to resurrect. People were rising from the dead, and the new world was just around the corner. Don’t bother getting married, guys and gals, there’s no time to bother with that, it’ll just distract you from preparing for the new age.
Psalm 23:6 How Long Is Forever?
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever.
//Here is one of the most well-known verses in the Bible, certainly a favorite for funerals. We find great comfort in this idea of dwelling forever in the house of the Lord, once this life ends.
The meaning of “forever,” however, was not at all then what it means to us today. The first half of the verse lends the context we need to better fit this verse into an ancient Hebrew worldview, which simply did not extend into the afterlife. No such expectation existed at that time for everlasting, eternal life up in heaven.
Instead, a more accurate translation might be “And I shall dwell in the house of the Lord to the end of my days.” But who wants to hear that at a funeral?
Leviticus 15:25, The Plague of Uncleanness Spreads!
When a woman has a discharge of blood for many days at a time other than her monthly period or has a discharge that continues beyond her period, she will be unclean as long as she has the discharge, just as in the days of her period. Any bed she lies on while her discharge continues will be unclean, as is her bed during her monthly period, and anything she sits on will be unclean, as during her period. Whoever touches them will be unclean; he must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean till evening.
//This matter of separating the clean from the unclean is a serious thing! A woman during her period is naturally unclean, but if the blood flow continues after the normal time of her period, she remains unclean. She cannot be touched. If she touches anything, then what she touches cannot be touched. Anyone who touches anything she touches likewise becomes unclean, and like a plague, uncleanness inadvertently begins spreading through the camp. The possibility for an outbreak of uncleanness becomes a serious threat.
One time, the plague threatened to get out of control. Consider these verses in Luke chapter 8:
And a woman was there who had been subject to bleeding for twelve years, but no one could heal her. She came up behind him and touched the edge of his cloak …”Who touched me?” Jesus asked. When they all denied it, Peter said, “Master, the people are crowding and pressing against you.”
This poor woman had an “issue of blood” (the KJV wording) for twelve years! She remained perpetually unclean! Here she touches Jesus and turns him unclean, and everybody is jostling up against Jesus. Can you imagine the crowd panic when it’s discovered that a seed of uncleanness had been planted? Is there any chance of getting this plague under control?
Piece of cake. Turns out that a little human contact doesn’t start a plague, it just heals the one who is suffering. Probably, this was Jesus’ most important lesson of the day.
Romans 16:7, The First Woman Apostle?
Greet Andronicus and Junias, my relatives who have been in prison with me. They are outstanding among the apostles, and they were in Christ before I was.
//Yesterday, I wondered whether Paul taught that men were granted a divine right to lord it over women. Let’s put things in perspective today with a look back at the church in the time of Paul.
According to the book of Romans, women seemed to hold positions of leadership in the early church, even being considered “apostles.” But this equality between the sexes quickly fell into disfavor in the Church. Author Eldon Jay Epp writes in his book, Junia: The First Woman Apostle, about how Junia’s role was buried through mistranslation and editing of her name so that it was rendered as a man’s name instead. To preserve male authority, Junia became Junias, a man’s name, in Latin, and remains this way today—see today’s verse in the NIV. The gender debate is nearly over, however: that she was a woman is seldom contested today among Christian theologians.
Instead, those who would deny female leadership now focus on the meaning of “apostle.” Did the term mean the equivalent of Paul, Timothy and Silas? Or should the translation read not “well-regarded apostles” but “well-known to the apostles?”
The debate continues, but my own position is settled. Junia may be the only named woman “apostle” in the Bible, but she is hardly the only woman in a position of respect, even leadership. You can read also about Phoebe, Prisca, Tryphaena and Tryphosa.
Genesis 3:16, The Man Shall Rule Over the Woman
To the woman [God] said, “I will greatly increase your pains in childbearing; with pain you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.”
//This comes from the story of Adam and Eve and the tree of knowledge. God said don’t eat the fruit, they ate it anyway, and consequences came. To the woman, God said your husband will rule over you.
This may not be so much a command as it is a sad prediction. Sin had been unleashed. God in essence says, “I created you as equals, but you’ve gone and screwed everything up. From now on, someone will always want to be lording it over someone else.”
And so it became, particularly in marriage, a sad state of affairs that lasted well into our day. Paul wrote about this, admitting that the woman should submit to the man:
For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the Savior. Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything. –Ephesians 5:23-24
Paul errs, however, when he provides his reason for this:
For man did not come from woman, but woman from man; neither was man created for woman, but woman for man. – 1 Corinthians 11:9
See also 1 Timothy chapter 2, if you imagine that book to be penned by Paul. Thus, Paul backs up the time of man’s dominion over woman to the day of creation, rather than the day of their sin. But then we have this odd statement by Paul about the new age of Christ:
For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. — Galatians 3:26-28
So which is it? Did Paul misunderstand about God’s intentions about men and women, or did he misunderstand the new age of Christ? Do men still get to lord it over women or not?
Matthew 16:16-17 How Divine Revelation Works
Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven.
//Today’s verse comes from Matthew. But one of the more interesting tendencies I noted as I researched for my book about John’s Gospel is just how often John purposefully contradicts the other Gospels. Many of the contradictions, in fact, tend to downplay something miraculous, such as this divine revelation to Simon Peter. There seems to be an undercurrent of rivalry going on with Peter in the Fourth Gospel. Here, John pooh-pooh’s Matthew’s explanation and sets the record straight about how Simon Peter learned who Jesus was:
The first thing Andrew did was to find his brother Simon and tell him, “We have found the Messiah” (that is, the Christ). –John 1:41
But this begs the question. Could it have been explained to Peter and also come as a revelation to him? In other words, does “revelation” mean something more along the lines of proving the truth about Jesus for yourself? “Revelation,” then, is not some means of divine discloser of a secret but rather making a known truth your own. Does this resonate with anyone else?
Numbers 15:35, Fifteen Crimes Requiring the Death Penalty
And the LORD said unto Moses, The man shall be surely put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the camp.
//Today’s verse refers to a man who was discovered picking up sticks on the Sabbath day. There are actually fifteen crimes worthy of death, according to the Old Testament law:
- Premeditated murder
- Kidnapping
- Rape of woman already betrothed.
- Adultery
- Homosexuality
- Incest
- Bestiality
- Offering human sacrifices
- False prophecy
- Blasphemy
- Ignoring the Sabbath
- Sacrificing to false gods
- Disobedience to parents/authority
- Striking or cursing parents
- Magic and divination
Contrast these to the words of Jesus: “”Let him who is without sin among you be the first to throw a stone…”
Revelation 17:3, The Woman Riding the Scarlet Beast
Then the angel carried me away in the Spirit into a desert. There I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was covered with blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns.
//Here is an image that captivates! John of Patmos sees a vision of a woman riding a scarlet beast. Most Revelation interpreters recognize the beast to be the City of Rome, and I agree. Not today’s Rome, of course, but the Rome of the first century. Yet who is the woman?
Revelation calls this mysterious woman “the great prostitute,” and I think it’s safe to conclude she’s also the “whore of Babylon,” another Revelation theme. The majority of scholars here identify the woman again with Rome, equating Babylon with Rome.
But this woman isn’t the beast. She rides the beast. The question becomes, who rides atop Rome?
The answer, I’m convinced, is Jerusalem. But the reason can’t be satisfactorily explained in a few words, providing me with a great opportunity to shamelessly plug my book about Revelation.
Pick up Revelation: The Way it Happened if you want an in depth peek into first-century Christian thinking, and why God turned His back on Jerusalem.
Judges 9:8-13, Obama or Romney?
How are we to choose a leader over us? What is a good leader’s primary responsibility? Does the Bible provide any input?
No, I’m not going to turn this blog into a political forum, but this parable by Jotham in the book of Judges might be illuminating:
“One day the trees went out to anoint a king for themselves. They said to the olive tree, ‘Be our king.’
“But the olive tree answered, ‘Should I give up my oil, by which both gods and men are honored, to hold sway over the trees?’
“Next, the trees said to the fig tree, ‘Come and be our king.’
“But the fig tree replied, ‘Should I give up my fruit, so good and sweet, to hold sway over the trees?’
“Then the trees said to the vine, ‘Come and be our king.’
“But the vine answered, ‘Should I give up my wine, which cheers both gods and men, to hold sway over the trees?’
“Finally all the trees said to the thornbush, ‘Come and be our king.’
The “thornbush” in Jotham’s little parable is his brother Abimelech. Jotham climbed up a hill, shouted these words, and then fled for his life. But is there a lesson in his parable? Is it possible to find a leader who is more interested in serving than gaining power?
Mark 1:1, The Son of God!
The beginning of the gospel about Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
//Much is made by scholars about the fact that Jesus called himself the Son of Man, and rarely, if ever, called himself the Son of God. Using the first Gospel written as a basis, we find the phrase Son of Man thirteen times … all of them from the lips of Jesus himself.
A hidden Markan theme, however, is that Jesus is more than he claims to be! Mark begins his Gospel with the claim that Jesus truly is the Son of God. A short bit into the story, we’re reminded again:
Whenever the evil spirits saw him, they fell down before him and cried out, “You are the Son of God.” –Mark 3:11
Then we’ll hear no more about this title until the end of the story. In Mark’s Gospel, the disciples never do catch on. Jesus dies with his true identity still a secret, recognized by only one unlikely man:
And when the centurion, who stood there in front of Jesus, heard his cry and saw how he died, he said, “Surely this man was the Son of God!” –Mark 15:39
Mark’s Gospel originally ended with verse 16:8. Three women discover the tomb empty, and run away afraid, telling no one what they saw. Jesus’ secret remains intact.
John 4:28-29, The First Evangelist
Then, leaving her water jar, the woman went back to the town and said to the people, “Come, see a man who told me everything I ever did. Could this be the Christ?”
//This woman is sometimes called the “first evangelist” in the New Testament. Do you recognize who she is?
The story comes from John’s Gospel. She is, of course, a woman … hardly what you would expect of a respected news-bringer. A woman’s word in the first century counted for little; they were not even allowed to offer testimony in a court of law.
She is also a Samaritan, a people hated by the Jews of Jesus’ time. The Samaritans were once Israelites, but they became polluted by intermarriage with other nations (primarily the conquering Assyrians) and thus were considered half-breeds.
She is slow to understand. It seems impossible for her to grasp the idea of living water.
And she is disreputable, having had five husbands, and now living with a man who was not her husband.
Yes, the person selected by Jesus to first carry his message is the anonymous “woman at the well.” Who’d a thunk?
Isaiah 14:3-5, The Origin of Lucifer, part III of III
It shall come to pass in the day the LORD gives you rest from your sorrow, and from your fear and the hard bondage in which you were made to serve, that you will take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say: “How the oppressor has ceased, The golden city ceased! The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked, The scepter of the rulers;
//In part I of this discussion, I pointed out the origin of the name Lucifer, and how its meaning evolved through various translations.
In part II, I pointed out how we have combined the scriptural writings of authors living hundreds of years apart to apparently solve a puzzle, building the story of Lucifer as another name for Satan, who was cast out of heaven. This understanding prevailed throughout much of the church history, up to the time of the Reformation when we began to examine scripture more critically.
Isaiah 14:3-5, The Origin of Lucifer, part III of III
It shall come to pass in the day the LORD gives you rest from your sorrow, and from your fear and the hard bondage in which you were made to serve, that you will take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say: “How the oppressor has ceased, The golden city ceased! The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked, The scepter of the rulers;
//In part I of this discussion, I pointed out the origin of the name Lucifer, and how its meaning evolved through various translations.
In part II, I pointed out how we have combined the scriptural writings of authors living hundreds of years apart to apparently solve a puzzle, building the story of Lucifer as another name for Satan, who was cast out of heaven. This understanding prevailed throughout much of the church history, up to the time of the Reformation when we began to examine scripture more critically.
In part III, we’ll examine the context of that one verse in Isaiah, the only place in the Bible where the name Lucifer is found, to see what it originally meant. Chapter 13 of Isaiah begins a long section known as the “oracles against foreign nations.” Verse 13:1 reads,
The burden against Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw.
This theme spills over into chapter 14, as Isaiah continues to critique Babylon and her king. We arrive shortly at today’s verse, telling of the fall of the tyrant king of Babylon. The tirade continues until we reach verse 14:12,
How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!
According to Isaiah, Lucifer will not enjoy the decent burial of his fellow kings, because he has “destroyed his land and slain his people.” So God will rise up against Babylon.
Lucifer is almost certainly king Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon.
2 Corinthians 11:14, The Origin of Lucifer, part II of III
[F]or Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light.
//Continuing our discussion from yesterday about the origins of Lucifer, we reach today’s verse written by Paul. What we’re about to uncover is a fascinating instance of “scripture interpreting scripture” to arrive at the conclusion that the Lucifer of Isaiah 14 (the only place in the Bible where the name Lucifer is used) actually refers to Satan. We’ll do this by examining New Testament texts, written many hundreds of years after Isaiah died. Paul starts us off by informing us that Satan masquerades as an angel of light, similar to the Morning Star of Isaiah.
Then we have Luke 10:18, where Jesus exclaims that he “saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven.” Recall yesterday’s verse: “How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!” Could this be coincidence?
Next we come to this story in Revelation about the dragon:
“And there was war in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven. The great dragon was hurled down–that ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him.”
Again, this sounds a lot like Isaiah, doesn’t it? It’s easy to conclude Isaiah was talking about Satan when he used the name Lucifer … though as we discussed yesterday how the name Lucifer didn’t exist in scripture until after Christ arrived, and the translation into Latin.
All this begs the question: If we have used scripture to interpret scripture, fitting the pieces together like a puzzle, erroneously interpreting Isaiah’s writings to be about Satan, then what did Isaiah 14 mean in the first place? We’ll answer that tomorrow.
Isaiah 14:12, The Origin of Lucifer, part I of III
How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How you are cut down to the ground, You who weakened the nations!
//Today’s verse is the only place in the Bible where the name Lucifer is used. In fact, it only appears in some translations; primarily the King James version. The word in Hebrew isn’t Lucifer at all, or even close. It’s “helel,” which probably derives from the root “to shine brightly.”
When the original Hebrew was translated into Greek for the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, before Christ came on the scene), the word became “heosphoros,” meaning Morning star, the name used by many translations today.
Moving on to the next step, the translation to Latin after Christ, the name became Lucifer. The roots of this word are “lux”, meaning “light,” and “ferre,” meaning “to bring.” Lucifer means “bearer of light.” By the fourth century, Lucifer had become another name for Venus, the Morning Star.
When we arrive at the King James version of the Bible, in the year 1611, the name Lucifer remains, but surprisingly became popularized as another name for Satan! How did we make this jump in logic? Continued tomorrow.
Isaiah 61:5-6, The Day of Salvation
Strangers shall stand and feed your flocks, And the sons of the foreigner shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers. But you shall be named the priests of the LORD.
//I’ve often pointed out that the Old Testament dream of a coming Messiah was a political, this-worldly ambition, not at all the type of “Christ” that Jesus presented. Jews could hardly be blamed, then or now, for rejecting Jesus as the Messiah. He simply didn’t fulfill the promise of political redemption.
Consider 2nd Isaiah’s vision of the coming Kingdom. The day of salvation, according to this prophet, would lift Israel above the nations, who would become physical laborers, plowing Israeli fields and dressing Israeli vineyards. Israel would instead be a nation of priests … like the Levites, who held no such responsibilities.
Jesus, however, appears to have disdained that political picture and encouraged his followers to lift their eyes above mundane oppression to a higher kingdom. God held little interest in freeing the Jews from Rome, holding instead much higher ambitions, for even Romans were welcome in the Kingdom!
It is only when we fully jettison the messianic dreams of the Old Testament that we can see and appreciate the radicalness of the New Testament Messiah. On this topic, I’m getting excited about my upcoming publication date for John’s Gospel: The Way It Happened.
Mark 11:11-12, Premeditated Temple Attack Or Not?
And Jesus entered into Jerusalem, and into the temple: and when he had looked round about upon all things, and now the eventide was come, he went out unto Bethany with the twelve. And on the morrow, when they were come from Bethany … Jesus went into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold and bought in the temple …
//Mark tells how when Jesus came to Jerusalem, he entered the temple, looked around, and went away for the night. Then he came back and staged his symbolic “attack” on the temple. The same story in Matthew drops the premeditation, and leads one to believe Jesus was incensed when he saw the temple and immediately cast out the money changers et. al.
Mark’s order of events:
[5] He attacks the temple
Matthew’s order of events (See Matthew chapter 11):
Why did Matthew rewrite the order? Is indignant anger better than premeditated attack? What do you think really happened?
Fantasy Football, Anyone?
Put on the whole uniform of the Team, that ye may be able to stand against the blitz of oncoming linebackers. Don the hip pads of truth, the shoulder pads of righteousness, the cleats of preparation. Don’t forget the facemask of faith and the helmet of salvation. Then clutch the pigskin with much Spirit, for that is what the Play Book of your Coach in Heaven demands.The River of Life
Twice before Lee Harmon has written about Christian topics, once on the gospel of John and once on the book of Revelation. But the question people keep asking him is this: As a liberal Christian, why do you care so much about the Bible? Others wonder whether he is truly a Christian at all.
The Way It Happened
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| Revelation: A love story gone awry. | The Gospel: A love story set aright. |
What really happened 2,000 years ago? How did a persecuted minority of end-time believers known as Christians, with their dreams of Armageddon and a conquering Messiah named Jesus, evolve into the largest religion in the world? Author Lee Harmon explores the period in which the New Testament was written in his books about John's Gospel and Revelation.
(Bloggers: you may be eligible for a free review copy! Just contact us.)
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Lee Harmon interviewed on The God Show about the History Channel's miniseries The Bible and Lee's latest book, John's Gospel: The Way It Happened.
About Lee
Hello! I'm an author, historical Jesus scholar, book reviewer, and liberal Christian, which means I appreciate and attempt to exercise the humanitarian teachings of Jesus without getting hung up on any particular supernatural or religious beliefs.
The Bible is a magnificent book that has inspired and spiritually fed generations for thousands of years, and each new century seems to bring a deeper understanding of life’s purpose. This is true of not only Christianity; through the years, our age-old religions are slowly transforming from superstitious rituals into humanitarian philosophies. In short, we are growing up, and I am thrilled to be riding the wave.
I avidly read all thought-provoking religion titles. New authors: I'd love to read and review your book!
Contact me here.
About Leslie
Hi! While Lee writes the articles and reviews the books, I edit, organize, and maintain the blog. The views expressed here are Lee's but I'm his biggest supporter! :-)
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